When the Constitution says "the State", it means everyone in charge - the central government, state governments, local authorities, and any body controlled by the government. If any of these violate your rights, you can hold them accountable.
Any law that goes against your fundamental rights is automatically invalid. The government cannot make new laws that take away these rights either. This is your ultimate legal shield - even Parliament has to respect Part III.
This article about the government taking your property was removed by the 44th Amendment in 1978. Property rights are now covered under Article 300A as a legal right, not a fundamental right.